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The Animal Rights National Conference has been organized since 2000 by the Farm Animal Rights Movement (FARM). FARM was also responsible for an earlier series of annual conferences, named Action For Life, between 1981 and 1987, as well as two special conferences in 1991 and 1997. Between 1988 and 1996, the annual animal conferences were organized by the former National Alliance for Animal Rights. ==Early years== In August of 1975, Dr. Alex Hershaft〔("The Brains Behind the Great American Meatout" ) ''VegNews''. Retrieved 2014-3-17.〕 became involved in the vegetarian movement after attending the World Vegetarian Congress in Orono, ME, and meeting Jay Dinshah. A year later, he founded the Vegetarian Information Service (VIS) to distribute information on the benefits of a vegetarian diet.〔("Holocaust survivor heads animal rights group Alex Hershaft throws himself into cause" ) ''Baltimore Sun''. Retrieved 2014-3-17.〕〔Lawrence & Susan Finsen. ''The Animal Rights Movement in America''. Twayne Publishers, 1994; p. 75〕〔Norm Phelps. ''The Longest Struggle''. Lantern Books, 2004; pp. 190, 222.〕〔("24 Carrot Award" ) ''Vegetarians in Paradise''. Retrieved 2014-3-17.〕 VIS also organized several conferences in DC and Pennsylvania on strategies for promoting vegetarianism. Some conference participants, influenced by Peter Singer’s 1975 treatise ''Animal Liberation'', argued that the scope of these conferences should be expanded to include animal rights. Accordingly, in the summer of 1981, Hershaft organized Action For Life, a national conference at Cedar Crest College in Allentown, PA, that effectively launched the U.S. animal rights movement, including People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), the Farm Animal Reform Movement, and the since defunct Trans-Species Unlimited〔Lawrence & Susan Finsen. ''The Animal Rights Movement in America''. Twayne Publishers, 1994; p. 121.〕〔Norm Phelps. ''The Longest Struggle''. Lantern Books, 2004; pp. 190, 226.〕 and Mobilization For Animals.〔("1983 Mobilization for Animals" ) ''Primate Research''. Retrieved 2014-3-17.〕 Participants included such animal rights pioneers as Cleveland Amory, Ingrid Newkirk, Alex Pacheco, Peter Singer, Henry Spira, Gretchen Wyler, as well as radio host Thom Hartmann. These conferences continued for seven more years in San Francisco (1982), Montclair, NJ (1983), Washington (1984), Los Angeles (1985), Chicago (1986), and Cambridge, MA (1987). In 1991, FARM organized A Decade of the Animals conference in Washington, DC, to commemorate the 1981 launch. Between 1988 and 1996, the annual conferences were taken over by Peter Link and the National Alliance for Animal Rights.〔Lawrence Finsen and Susan Finsen. ''The Animal Rights Movement in America: From Compassion to Respect''. Twayne Publishers, 1994; pp. 75-76.〕〔Norm Phelps. ''The Longest Struggle''. Lantern Books, 2007; p. 222.〕 In 1990, his March on Washington attracted 25,000 participants. In 1996, a similar effort led to a much smaller turnout of 3,000. The disappointment at the small turnout and allegations of financial mismanagement sent Link into exile from the animal rights movement, and he was never heard from again. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Animal Rights National Conference」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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